WordsRU - Turabian Editing

Turabian Formatting and Style Guide - A WordsRU Resource

This a WordsRU basic resource, it does not purport to be the definitive word on the subject but is intended to be a general guide to assist our customers.

Turabian style is based upon The Chicago Manual of Style and offers those in the natural and social sciences the option of using the author-date system with notes and parenthetical references.

There are two forms of Turabian citation, the traditional method of footnotes with bibliography and the now generally accepted style of parenthetical referencing with a list of references at the end of the paper.

In this overview, we will provide some examples of the parenthetical reference method in which authors names and dates of publication are given in parentheses within the text itself or, in larger quotations (40 words and over), at the end of a block indented quotation. These in-text quotations are listed at the end of the work in a section called ‘Works Cited” and arranged alphabetically by author surname.

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Here are some examples of parenthetical references following a quotation:

Jean Toomer is an imaginative writer who sought to breach "the narrow
constraints of conventional language" (Huggins 180).

The following list shows some examples of parenthetical-reference (PR) forms and corresponding reference list (RL) entries.

Book, Single Author

PR (Franklin 1985, 54)

RL
Franklin, John Hope. 1985. George Washington Williams: A biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Book, Two Authors

PR (Lynd and Lynd 1929, 67)

RL Lynd, Robert, and Helen Lynd. 1929. Middletown: A study in American culture. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.

More than Three Authors

PR (Greenberger and others 1974, 50)

RL Greenberger, Martin, Julius Aronofsky, James L. McKenney, and William F. Massey, eds. 1974. Networks for research and education: Sharing of computer and information resources nationwide. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Institution or Organization as "Author"

PR (American Library Association 1978, 25)

RL American Library Association, Young Adult Services Division, Services Statement Development Committee. 1978. Directions for library service to young adults, Chicago: American Library Association.

Editor or Compiler as "Author"

PR (von Halberg 1984, 225)

RL von Halberg, Robert, ed. 1984. Canons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Author's Work Contained in Collected Works

PR (Coleridge 1884, 18)

RL Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. 1884. The complete works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Edited by W.G.T. Shedd. Vol.1, Aids to reflection. New York: Harper and Bros.

Edition Other than First

PR (Bober 1948, 89)

RL Bober, M.M. 1948. Karl Marx's interpretation of history. 2d ed. Harvard Economic Studies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Component Part by One Author in a Work by Another

PR (Beech 1982, 115)

RL Beech, Mary Higdon. 1982. The domestic realm in the lives of Hindu women in Calcutta.In Separate worlds: Studies of purdah in South Asia, ed. Hanna Papanek and Gail Minault, 110-138. Delhi: Chanakya.

Secondary Source of Quotation

PR (Barthes 1968)

RL Barthes, Roland. 1968. "La mort de l'auteur" (The death of the author). Manteia, vol. 5. Translated by Stephen Heath in Image/music/text. New York: Hill and Wang, 1977, 147. Quoted in Wayne C. Booth. Critical understanding: The powers and limits of pluralism, 372-373, n. 9. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Article in a Journal

PR (Jackson 1979, 180)

RL Jackson, Richard. 1979. Running down the up-escalator: Regional inequality in Papua New Guinea. Australian Geographer 14 (May): 175-84.

Article in a Magazine or Newspaper

PR (Weber 1985, 42)

RL Weber, Bruce. 1985. The myth maker: The creative mind of novelist E.L. Doctorow. New York Times Magazine, 20 October, 42.

Book Review in a Journal

PR (Frankfather 1985, 524)

RL Frankfather, Dwight. 1985. Review of The disabled state, by Deborah A. Stone. In Social Service Review 59 (September): 523-25.

Thesis or Dissertation

PR (Artioli 1985, 10)

RL Artioli, Gilberto. 1985. Structural studies of the water molecules and hydrogen bonding in zeolites. Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago.

Electronic Documents (example extrapolated from information in Section 8)

PR (Baker and Hunstead 1995)

RL Baker, Joanne C., and Richard W. Hunstead. 1995. Revealing the effects of orientation in composite quasar spectra. Astrophysical Journal 452 (October). Internet. Available from - http://www.aas.org/ApJ/v452n2/5309/5309.html; accessed 29 September 1995.

Films and Videorecordings

PR (Perlman 1985)

RL Perlman, Itzak. 1985. Itzak Perlman: In my case music. Produced and directed by Tony DeNonno. 10 min. DeNonno Pix. Videocassette.

Works of Art Reproduced in Books

PR (Nast 1967, plate 52)

RL Nast, Thomas. 1967. The Tammany tiger loose: "What are you going to do about it." Cartoon. Harper's Weekly, 11 November 1871. As reproduced in J. Chal Vinson, Thomas Nast: Political cartoonist, plate 52. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press.

For more detailed information on Turabian citation and formatting, please refer to the resources given at the bottom of this article, or consult with your supervisor to determine individual department style preferences.

Please note that within each of the specific citation styles, individual institutions may have variations in their requirements. It is strongly recommended that authors of academic papers check for such variances and individual requirements with their supervisors. Further information about citations and formatting in Turabian style are available at:

For further information, please refer to:

Kate L. Turabian's, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations 6th Edition (Chicago: University Chicago Press, 1996)

WordsRU Academic Services:

Our academic editing expertise covers APA/MLA, Turabian and Chicago style of formatting.

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Top

PR	(Franklin 1985, 54)
RL	Franklin, John Hope. 1985. George Washington Williams: A biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

PR	(Lynd and Lynd 1929, 67)
RL	Lynd, Robert, and Helen Lynd. 1929. Middletown: A study in American culture. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.

PR	(Greenberger and others 1974, 50)
RL	Greenberger, Martin, Julius Aronofsky, James L. McKenney, and William F. Massey, eds. 1974. Networks for research and education: Sharing of computer and information resources nationwide. Cambridge: MIT Press.

PR	(American Library Association 1978, 25)
RL	American Library Association, Young Adult Services Division, Services Statement Development Committee. 1978. Directions for library service to young adults, Chicago: American Library Association.

PR	(von Halberg 1984, 225)
RL	von Halberg, Robert, ed. 1984. Canons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

PR	(Coleridge 1884, 18)
RL	Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. 1884. The complete works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Edited by W.G.T. Shedd. Vol.1, Aids to reflection. New York: Harper and Bros.

PR	(Bober 1948, 89)
RL	Bober, M.M. 1948. Karl Marx's interpretation of history. 2d ed. Harvard Economic Studies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

PR	(Beech 1982, 115)
RL	Beech, Mary Higdon. 1982. The domestic realm in the lives of Hindu women in Calcutta.In Separate worlds: Studies of purdah in South Asia, ed. Hanna Papanek and Gail Minault, 110-138. Delhi: Chanakya.

PR	(Barthes 1968)
RL	Barthes, Roland. 1968. "La mort de l'auteur" (The death of the author). Manteia, vol. 5. Translated by Stephen Heath in Image/music/text. New York: Hill and Wang, 1977, 147. Quoted in Wayne C. Booth. Critical understanding: The powers and limits of pluralism, 372-373, n. 9. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

PR	(Jackson 1979, 180)
RL	Jackson, Richard. 1979. Running down the up-escalator: Regional inequality in Papua New Guinea. Australian Geographer 14 (May): 175-84.

PR	(Weber 1985, 42)
RL	Weber, Bruce. 1985. The myth maker: The creative mind of novelist E.L. Doctorow. New York Times Magazine, 20 October, 42.

PR	(Frankfather 1985, 524)
RL	Frankfather, Dwight. 1985. Review of The disabled state, by Deborah A. Stone. In Social Service Review 59 (September): 523-25.

PR	(Artioli 1985, 10)
RL	Artioli, Gilberto. 1985. Structural studies of the water molecules and hydrogen bonding in zeolites. Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago.

PR	(Baker and Hunstead 1995)
RL	Baker, Joanne C., and Richard W. Hunstead. 1995. Revealing the effects of orientation in composite quasar spectra. Astrophysical Journal 452 (October). Internet. Available from - http://www.aas.org/ApJ/v452n2/5309/5309.html; accessed 29 September 1995.

PR	(Perlman 1985)
RL	Perlman, Itzak. 1985. Itzak Perlman: In my case music. Produced and directed by Tony DeNonno. 10 min. DeNonno Pix. Videocassette.

PR	(Nast 1967, plate 52)
RL	Nast, Thomas. 1967. The Tammany tiger loose: "What are you going to do about it." Cartoon. Harper's Weekly, 11 November 1871. As reproduced in J. Chal Vinson, Thomas Nast: Political cartoonist, plate 52. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press.